Countermeasures for breakwater foundation subjected to foreshocks and main shock of earthquake loading     

Babloo Chaudhary  Hemanta Hazarika  Siavash Manafi Khajeh Pasha 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2018,36(3):308-322

Coastal protective structures, such as composite breakwaters, are generally vulnerable to earthquake. It was observed that breakwaters damage mainly due to failure of their foundations. However, the seismically induced failure process of breakwater foundation has not been well understood. This study describes failure mechanism of breakwater foundation as well as a newly developed reinforcing model for breakwater foundation that can render resiliency to breakwater against earthquake-related disasters. Steel sheet piles and gabions were used as reinforcing materials for foundation. The experimental program consisted of a series of shaking table tests for conventional and reinforced foundation of breakwater. Numerical analyses were conducted using finite difference method, and it was observed that the numerical models were capable to elucidate the seismic behavior of soil–reinforcement–breakwater system. This paper presents an overview of the results of experimental and numerical studies of the seismic response of breakwater foundation. Overall, the results of these studies show the effectiveness of the reinforced foundation in mitigating the earthquake-induced damage to the breakwater. Moreover, numerical simulation was used for parametric study to determine the effect of different embedment depths of sheet piles on the performance of breakwater foundation subjected to seismic loading.  相似文献   

The 1‐million‐year‐old quartz assemblage from Pont‐de‐Lavaud (Centre,France) in the European context          下载免费PDF全文

Jackie Despriée  Marie‐Hélène Moncel  Marta Arzarello  Gilles Courcimault  Pierre Voinchet  Jean‐Jacques Bahain  Christophe Falguères 《第四纪科学杂志》2018,33(6):639-661

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基于熵权TOPSIS模型的海岛地区资源环境承载力研究——以舟山普陀区、定海区为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

徐文斌  郭灿文  王晶  程义远  徐鹏杰  张宏晔 《海洋通报》2018,(1):9-16

随着海洋强国、"一带一路"、生态文明建设等国家战略的不断推进,海岛在国家政治、军事、经济、社会、生态中的地位不断提高,海岛开发、利用的规模越来越大,其生态保护也面临着新的挑战。本文依据资源环境承载力内涵,兼顾海岛资源环境特点,研究形成海岛地区资源环境承载力评价指标体系,综合应用熵权法、TOPSIS(逼近理想解排序方法)模型评价了典型海岛地区——普陀区与定海区2009-2015年间的资源环境承载力状况,结果表明:普陀和定海资源环境承载力水平呈稳步提升趋势,各个时期的环境保护政策和节能减排相关措施在环境保护与污染治理等方面起到了较为积极的作用。最后,在基于生态系统的海岛综合管理框架内提出了对策建议。  相似文献   

江苏重点海域绿潮漂移扩散数值模拟   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吉会峰  刘吉堂  莫旭冬  高鑫鑫  杨波 《海洋科学》2018,42(5):82-91

江苏海域是绿潮灾害的多发海域,本文利用MIKE3模型建立了江苏辐射沙洲重点海域三维水动力模型,并采用实测资料对模型进行验证和率定;在水动力模型的基础上建立绿潮漂移扩散模型,对江苏海域绿潮漂移路径进行了模拟并与卫星遥感监测的结果进行对比。对比结果表明,模型24 h和48 h模拟结果与卫星遥感图像分析结果较吻合,模型能为江苏海域绿潮的预警预报提供一定参考。  相似文献   

海岸破波带内悬沙空间分布试验研究和解析表达式     

张洋  邹志利  孙大鹏  薛武山 《海洋工程》2018,36(1):28-46

关于海岸破波带内悬沙浓度水平和垂向分布的研究对于计算海岸输沙率和地形演变具有重要意义。本研究进行了规则波、波群和不规则波三种波浪情况破波带内悬沙浓度的水平和垂向分布的试验测量。试验在大尺度波浪水槽进行,接近实际海岸波况尺度。给出了破波带内多断面悬沙垂向分布的细致测量结果,并以此为基础给出了预报实际海岸破波带内悬沙浓度水平和垂向分布解析表达式,讨论了形成这些分布的物理原因和不同波况、不同破波带区域对分布的影响。  相似文献   

砂质基底领海基点的保护范围选划及管理研究——以外磕脚领海基点为例          下载免费PDF全文

贾明瑶  方位达  潘厚成 《海洋开发与管理》2018,35(5):27-30

领海基点对于维护国家海洋权益等意义重大。文章基于外磕脚领海基点的保护实践工作,从前期准备、现场调查方法、保护范围选划结果3个方面,开展砂质基点领海基点保护范围选划的案例研究,据此提出砂质基底领海基点保护范围的选划依据和方法。研究表明:砂质基底领海基点的保护范围选划应依据海岛的特殊属性,由保护对象的边界向外延伸至潮汐水道,并充分体现地貌整体性和连续性。针对砂质基底领海基点保护,文章建议应加强工程手段实现基底稳定,维护领海基点安全;加强领海基点外业调查,夯实领海基点地形水文资料基础;加大领海基点巡查力度,持续推进领海基点实时动态监视监测;加强部门沟通协调,完善领海基点信息管理系统;加大宣传教育,树立全民海洋海岛意识等保护管理建议,为领海基点的保护管理工作提供理论和实践探索。  相似文献   

Low-energy Lunar Trajectories with Lunar Flybystwo     

Wei Bing-wei  Li Yin-shan 《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》2018,42(4):575-593

The low-energy lunar trajectories with lunar flybys are investigated based on the Sun-Earth-Moon bicircular problem (BCP). The characteristics of the distribution of trajectories in the phase space are summarized. Using the invariant manifolds in the BCP system, the low-energy lunar trajectories with lunar flybys are sought. Then, take time as an augmented dimension in the phase space of a nonautonomous system, we present the state space map and reveal the distribution of these lunar trajectories in the phase space. Consequently, we find that the low-energy lunar trajectories exist as families, and that the every moment in the Sun-Earth-Moon synodic period can be the departure date. Finally, we analyse the velocity increment, transfer duration, and system energy for the different trajectory families, and obtain the velocity-impulse optimal family and the transfer-duration optimal family, respectively.  相似文献   

Understanding coastal wetland hydrology with a new regional‐scale,process‐based hydrological model          下载免费PDF全文

Yu Zhang  Wenhong Li  Ge Sun  Guofang Miao  Asko Noormets  Ryan Emanuel  John S. King 《水文研究》2018,32(20):3158-3173

Coastal wetlands represent an ecotone between ocean and terrestrial ecosystems, providing important services, including flood mitigation, fresh water supply, erosion control, carbon sequestration, and wildlife habitat. The environmental setting of a wetland and the hydrological connectivity between a wetland and adjacent terrestrial and aquatic systems together determine wetland hydrology. Yet little is known about regional‐scale hydrological interactions among uplands, coastal wetlands, and coastal processes, such as tides, sea level rise, and saltwater intrusion, which together control the dynamics of wetland hydrology. This study presents a new regional‐scale, physically based, distributed wetland hydrological model, PIHM‐Wetland, which integrates the surface and subsurface hydrology with coastal processes and accounts for the influence of wetland inundation on energy budgets and evapotranspiration (ET). The model was validated using in situ hydro‐meteorological measurements and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) ET data for a forested and herbaceous wetland in North Carolina, USA, which confirmed that the model accurately represents the major wetland hydrological behaviours. Modelling results indicate that topographic gradient is a primary control of groundwater flow direction in adjacent uplands. However, seasonal climate patterns become the dominant control of groundwater flow at lower coastal plain and land–ocean interface. We found that coastal processes largely influence groundwater table (GWT) dynamics in the coastal zone, 300 to 800 m from the coastline in our study area. Among all the coastal processes, tides are the dominant control on GWT variation. Because of inundation, forested and herbaceous wetlands absorb an additional 6% and 10%, respectively, of shortwave radiation annually, resulting in a significant increase in ET. Inundation alters ET partitioning through canopy evaporation, transpiration, and soil evaporation, the effect of which is stronger in cool seasons than in warm seasons. The PIHM‐Wetland model provides a new tool that improves the understanding of wetland hydrological processes on a regional scale. Insights from this modelling study provide benchmarks for future research on the effects of sea level rise and climate change on coastal wetland functions and services.  相似文献   

山东省地面沉降监测与防治工作进展          下载免费PDF全文

张永伟  邵明  肖敏 《山东国土资源》2018,34(8)

近年来,山东省地面沉降监测与防治工作取得了重要进展,初步建立了以二等水准路线、全球定位系统(GPS)、基岩标分层标和地下水监测为基础的"四网合一"地面沉降监测体系,INSAR监测实现了山东全省覆盖。监测成果显示,山东省地面沉降主要位于东营市广饶县、滨州市博兴县、聊城市茌平县,沉降速率呈加快趋势,造成建筑物地基下沉、房屋开裂、地下管道破损等一系列地质环境问题。  相似文献   

北斗在南/北极地区的基本定位性能评估     

徐炜  贾雪  乔方  刘扬  严超  王涛 《大地测量与地球动力学》2018,38(12):1268-1273

基于BDS、GPS系统的星座结构，对当前的BDS二代导航系统（BD2）、全部建成后的BDS系统在极地科考站（黄河站、昆仑站、中山站、长城站）和北极圈的可见卫星数、DOP值、定位精度等进行评估，并将建成后的BDS、GPS及其组合系统在南/北极的基本定位性能进行对比分析。仿真结果表明，当前的BD2只实现了极地的部分覆盖，对极地提供导航定位的能力有限，大范围内的定位精度大于30.0 m； BDS在极地的定位精度将与GPS相当，可见卫星数可达13颗左右，PDOP值优于1.6，定位精度优于8.0 m；GPS/BDS组合后在极地的PDOP值优于1.4，定位精度优于6.0 m。
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